Motivational Interviewing
Artwork Interpretation
This image depicts a couple seated in a boat, each holding an oar labeled “O.A.R.S.”—a nod to the core techniques of Motivational Interviewing: Open questions, Affirmations, Reflections, and Summarizing. A therapist sits across from them, guiding the dialogue without taking control. The setting symbolizes the MI philosophy: the client steers, the therapist supports. Together, they move toward change—collaboratively, with intention.
Core Meaning
Motivational Interviewing (MI) is a client-centered, directive method for enhancing intrinsic motivation to change by exploring and resolving ambivalence. It supports autonomy, respects resistance, and emphasizes collaboration over confrontation.
Concept Origins
Developed by William R. Miller and Stephen Rollnick in the early 1980s, MI originated in addiction treatment and evolved into a widely used approach across behavioral health fields, including primary care, corrections, and psychotherapy.
Therapeutic Purpose
MI helps clients articulate their own reasons for change, reduce defensiveness, and build momentum. Therapists use reflective listening, affirmations, and strategic questioning to help clients resolve ambivalence and move toward goals.
Common Interventions
- Open-ended questions and affirmations
- Decisional balance exercises
- Exploring values and goals
- Reflections that amplify change talk
- Developing discrepancy without confrontation
Ideal Client Use
Motivational Interviewing is especially effective for clients unsure about changing behaviors such as substance use, health habits, or relational patterns. It’s ideal when client resistance is high or when externally imposed treatment goals require internal alignment.
Cultural Considerations
MI’s emphasis on autonomy and collaboration makes it adaptable across cultures. Therapists should remain mindful of cultural norms around authority, decision-making, and expression. Affirming culturally rooted motivations for change enhances MI’s effectiveness.
